Clinical attachment loss same as clinical attachment level e. The gingiva is composed of fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane that is firmly attached to the periosteum of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla. In removable prosthesis, the artificial teeth arrangement, beside with other guidelines to occlusal plane level should be assessed clinically for correct tooth length and gingival display on the basis of individual smiling characteristics. Bleeding on probing which is also known as bleeding gums or gingival bleeding is a term used by dentists and dental hygienists when referring to bleeding that is induced by gentle manipulation of the tissue at the depth of the gingival sulcus, or interface between the gingiva and a tooth. Index, in the roman catholic church, list of publications forbidden to be read, called index librorum prohibitorum list of forbidden books. The importance of keratinized gingiva surrounding dental. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Gingival index article about gingival index by the free. Gingival pigmentation is a major concern for a large number of patients visiting the dentist.
A gingival pocket presents when the marginal gingiva experiences an edematous reaction, whether due to localized irritation and subsequent inflammation, systemic issues, or drug induced gingival hyperplasia. Gingival zenith positions and levels of the maxillary. A thorough examination of this age group involves both periodontal probing and use of a gingival index gi if inflammation is a problem. Epidemiology and indices of gingival and periodontal disease. Gingival bleeding index gbi in 1974, carter and barnes introduced a gingival bleeding index, which records the presence or absence of gingival inflammation. The present study evaluated the gingival condition among school going children in sharjah, united arab emirates and determined its relationship with tooth brushing frequency, diet and dental caries. Adding the scores of the undivided teeth and dividing. Tissue enlargement may progress to the point that the tissue obscures the teeth and may interfere with occlusion enlargement tissue appear firm fibrotic, pale pink and resilient, has little tendency to bleed, and has lobed surface appearance enlargement usually through out the mouth and appear more.
The most common cause of abnormal gingival bleeding on probing is chronic inflammation. Gingival index financial definition of gingival index. Score 1 mild inflammation slight change in color, slight edema. Level of free gingival margin level of mucogingival junction tooth mobility. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri. Four hundred and five children participated in the study. Gingival margin level gingival recession or nonrecession d. The axiomatic goal of reconstructive therapy is the restoration of health, function, and esthetics, which often requires correcting gingival recession defects within the esthetic zone. Gingival zenith positions and levels of the maxillary anterior dentition stephen j. Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the u. This index can help dentists create a care plan for patients and explain the extent of gingival disease in an understandable manner.
Using a sample of 9,689 subjects, they projected that 23. If orthodontic treatment is a consideration, it may be delayed or the treatment plan altered if the periodontal tissues are not healthy. Dental plaque accumulates at the surfaces when proper cleaning and maintaining is not done. Dental indices used for recording oral diseases in children mainly dental caries, periodontal diseases, fluorosis and malocclusion 1 dr darpan nenava pg 3rd yr 2. Can be assessed by gently placing a gloved index finger against the facial aspect of the tooth as the patient. Pdf using an experimental gingivitis model, 99 subjects completed a 3week study to determine the correlations between a visual index of. The reported behavioral and social factors were correlated to plaque and gingival indexes of children and their mothers. Correlation study of plaque and gingival indexes of. A clinical study was undertaken to monitor the occurrence.
Pdf on sep 22, 2011, maria augusta bessa rebelo and others published gingival indices. The location of the gingival zenith in a mediallateral position relative to the vertical. Click here to read about the new version without adobe flash. The most prevalent type of gingival disease in childhood is chronic marginal gingivitis see figure 188. Catholics are forbidden, as a natural part of ethics, to read anything they know may endanger their faith or moral life.
Gingivae definition of gingivae by medical dictionary. Consistency the consistency of the gingiva varies on the degree of health, density, and firmness of the tissue retractable gingiva when the gingival tissues, especially the interdental papillae, continue to enlarge, they appear to hang slightly away from the tooth and can be displaced with an air blast tissue is flaccid. The bleeding is chronic or recurrent and is provoked by mechanical trauma or by biting in to solid foods such as apples. Gingival periodontal index free download as powerpoint presentation. Score 2 moderate inflammation redness, edema, glazing. Lack of attached gingiva previously called a mucogingival defect h. Regardless of the etiology, when gingival hyperplasia occurs, greater than normal the measurement in a prepathological state periodontal probing measurements can be read. Gingival enlargement is an increase in the size of the gingiva gums. Gingival hyperplasia hypertrophy is a rather common condition.
Gingival index score showed increased gingival inflammation in removable partial denture wearers which is in agreement with previously reported study by samir a qudah. Although the gingival index and sulcus bleeding index have been widely used as. The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health by niklaus p. Efficacy of turmeric in gingival massaging and adjunct to scaling and root planing in chronic periodontitis patient. A line segment lies between any two points on a line b. Pointed pyramidal gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium, mucogingival junctions, bleeding and exudate. A dental professional uses visual analysis to rate the gingival tissue surrounding each tooth on a scale of one to four, with four representing significant periodontal disease. Regardl ess of its cause, gingival enlar gement can cause problems in controlling pl aque, chewing, teething, speech and aesthetics 1. Scores for these units are added and divided by four. Automated segmentation of gingival diseases from oral images aman rana 1, gregory yauney, lawrence c. Proper mucogingival therapy should lead to gingival augmentation and create a vestibule with adequate depth in the regions with insufficient attached gingival tissues 1, 14, 18, 20, 22.
Assessment of gingival health among school children in. The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva. Pocket depth and attachment loss can be measured either with a graduated manual probe or. Investigation of dental plaque and gingival index full.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The reliability of several of the indices has been tested. Gingival index gi this index was given by loe and silness in 1963 44, designed to assess the severity and quality of gingival inflammation in an individual or population. Gingival recession can stem from a wide variety of causes.
Most pigmentation is caused by five primary pigments out of which melanin shows the maximum incidence rate. The patients with excessive gingival display and pigmentation are more concerned esthetically. The gingival tissues exhibit changes in color, size, consistency, and surface texture that are similar to those of chronic inflammation in the adult. The data obtained between these reported variables and total plaque index and in total gingival index the mothers group are shown in table 4. Start studying chapter 19 clinical periodontal assessment.
Surgical approach to drug induced gingival enlargement in renal transplant patients case report christina popova, antoaneta mlachkova department of periodontology, faculty of dental medicine, medical university sofia, bulgaria journal of imab annual proceeding scientific papers 2007, vol. The plaque index used in my study was more sensitive than the debris index used by kenneth and kalwarf. Gingival index definition of gingival index by medical. The gingival inflammation is assessed on the basis of color, consistency and bleeding on probing. Prevalence and severity of gingivitis in school students aged 611. Surgical esthetic correction for gingival pigmentation. The purpose of this study was to determine if keratinized gingiva has an effect on the success of implants. This means that when a probe is placed at the gingival margin in a healthy mouth, it can be inserted up to three millimeters into the sulcus formed.
This document was downloaded for personal use only. State of art 43 four gingival units are scored systematically fo r each tooth. Gingival enlargement can be caused by a number of factors, including inflammatory conditions and the side effects of certain medications. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention. Gingival line article about gingival line by the free. Periodontal chart department of periodontology school. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems. Scores for these units are added and divided by four gives the sulcus bleeding index. Use the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues.
Gingival enlargement and its treatment authorstream. Numerous gingival indices exist to assess inflammation. Tissue is readily displaced from the neck of the tooth. Automated segmentation of gingival diseases from oral images. The mouth is divided into six segments and flossed in the following order. Community periodontal index of treatment needs cpitn. A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the. Investigation of dental plaque and gingival index the safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators.
Albandar and kingman 4 studied the prevalence of gingival recession among subjects 30 to 90 years of age. There is inflammation due to the bacteria released from the toxins. Efficacy of turmeric in gingival massaging and adjunct to. Chapter 19 clinical periodontal assessment quizlet. Thirty persons with normal gingiva were examined to determine the distribution of the color of all labio and buccal free gingival areas. Relationship of periodontal disease and estor r ations illingsf vi. View the article pdf and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in. A gingival disease is the term given to any disorder primarily affecting the gingiva.
The lower gingiva includes the mucosa covering the mandible from the gingivalbuccal gutter to the. Kenneth and kwalkwarff 10 had assessed the effect of accumulated dose of oral contraceptives and found that increased accumulative dose of oral contraceptive had no effect on oral debris index, though there was an increase in gingival index. Score 3 severe inflammation marked redness and edem. Comparison of gingival index and sulcus bleeding index as. A characteristic curve of reflectance indicated the effect of hemoglobin, melanine, and the neutral resorption of the epithelial tissue, as the origins of gingival color.
The gingival index is used in dental care to evaluate the extent of gum disease. Gingival enlargement and its treatment authorstream presentation. A wide range of causes have been attributed to gingival. Although the gingival index and sulcus bleeding index have been widely used as indicators of periodontal status, there is some disagreement among investigators as to their meaning and significance. Periodontal disease should be measured using loss of attachment, not pocket depth. Documentary research was carried out by nathalie dunia, with the assistance of. The variables that were associated to mothers plaque index were mothers age.
925 1172 749 1338 345 930 367 34 1270 636 1102 1107 197 220 543 1348 638 1503 1332 362 258 865 1486 817 893 315 1411 476 546 389 340 491 707 1134 516 801 155 1350